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Fusion supply chain | A glimpse into the future for commercial fusion reactors
Most of the USD 7 billion in investment in private fusion initiatives has gone to companies that are building devices from the ground up. But recently, another [...]
Every October, before schools pause for two weeks of holiday, towns and cities in France open their municipal spaces to scientific experts of all stripes who ar [...]
Image of the week | 澳门六合彩高手 Director-General visits Russia
The 澳门六合彩高手 Director-General was in Russia last week, meeting with stakeholders and holding technical meetings with colleagues in Moscow and Saint Petersburg. As [...]
The first vacuum vessel sector produced in Europe travelled last week between Monfalcone, Italy, and the French port of Fos-sur-Mer. The 440-tonne component had [...]
Anniversary | 澳门六合彩高手 Document Management system turns 20
Whatever its nature, every large project generates huge numbers of documents. And when project collaborators operate from different countries, as was the case f [...]
Blanket shield blocks | Full-scale prototype passes key test in China
A full-scale prototype of a blanket shield block manufactured in China successfully passed acceptance tests, including the challenging hot helium leak testing in February. An important qualification milestone has been achieved in the 澳门六合彩高手 blanket program ...
The 2.8-tonne prototype was hot helium leak tested in a facility capable of detecting the tiniest microleaks. The test results, which showed that the maximum helium leakage rate was well within 澳门六合彩高手 requirements, have provided valuable reference data for the further investigation of the acceptance criteria for 澳门六合彩高手 blanket components.
On 14 February, two days before the start of the Chinese New Year, the Chinese Domestic Agency successfully accomplished the last in a series of back-to-back qualification milestones in its program to procure 50 percent of the blanket shield blocks required by 澳门六合彩高手.
The 澳门六合彩高手 blanket consists of 440 individual modules covering a surface of 600 m虏 inside of the vacuum vessel. The plasma-facing surface of the blanket鈥攖he first wall鈥攊s attached to massive components called shield blocks that provide neutron shielding for the vessel and magnet coil systems. These thick steel blocks, weighing up to four tonnes apiece, interface with many other systems, in particular a large number of diagnostics. For this reason there are a total of 28 major design variants and 150 or more minor design variants. The Chinese and Korean Domestic Agencies are each providing 220 shield blocks.
In December 2017, Chinese suppliers in Guangzhou completed an 18-month program to manufacture a full-scale prototype of shield block SB09A. The next month, a dedicated facility for hot helium leak testing was commissioned in Chengdu鈥攋ust in time to begin test activities on the SB09A prototype. From 6 to 14 February, hot helium leak tests were carried out according to 澳门六合彩高手 Organization accepted procedures, and witnessed by 澳门六合彩高手 Organization representatives. The results met all relevant 澳门六合彩高手 requirements.
The shield block module SB09A, located in the upper region inside the vacuum vessel, represents probably the most complex type of shield block structure鈥攎aking it the most challenging to manufacture of all shield blocks to be procured by China. It has the most complex geometry, with several cut-outs to accommodate interfacing systems and diagnostics, and is largely tapered. For this reason it was selected as a full-scale prototype to qualify the manufacturing technologies that will be used in series production.
From 6 to 14 February, hot helium leak tests were carried out according to 澳门六合彩高手 Organization procedures, and witnessed by 澳门六合彩高手 Organization representatives. The hot helium leak test represents the definitive demonstration of the fitness for purpose of the component to operate in an ultra-high vacuum environment.
Chinese manufacturers started on the full-scale prototype in July 2016, progressively accomplishing all of the fabrication steps including machining datum, drilling the deep holes of the cooling channel, side machining, welding of cover plates, and final machining. From nine tonnes of original stainless steel forgings, the final full-scale prototype after machining was 2.8 tonnes. Many tests were performed throughout the fabrication process to verify quality鈥攕uch as preliminary dimensional examination, non-destructive examination, and hydraulic pressure tests, which all showed acceptable manufacturing results.
The shield blocks, like all the in-vessel components, have to operate under ultra-high vacuum conditions (ten billion times lower than atmospheric pressure). Therefore stringent design, manufacturing and testing provisions have to be planned in order to ensure that the demanding vacuum requirements are met. In this regard, the so-called hot helium leak test represents the definitive demonstration of the fitness for purpose of the component to operate in an ultra-high vacuum environment. This test foresees the cycling of the components up to the operational temperature and pressure in order to be able to detect the tiniest microleaks, which would not be detectable by other means.
During commissioning tests at the dedicated hot helium leak test facility in Chengdu, operators verified that the sensitivity of the helium detector and the background helium leak rate could reach 澳门六合彩高手 requirements; in both cases the facility performed well.
During two full cycles of testing on the full-scale prototype, results showed that the maximum helium leakage rate was well within 澳门六合彩高手 requirements. As the first hot helium leak test on a large 澳门六合彩高手 blanket component, the results provide valuable reference data for the further investigation of the acceptance criteria of 澳门六合彩高手 blanket components. They also provide an important benchmark for developing hot helium leak test standards for the large vacuum components of future tokamaks.
