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Fusion supply chain | A glimpse into the future for commercial fusion reactors
Most of the USD 7 billion in investment in private fusion initiatives has gone to companies that are building devices from the ground up. But recently, another [...]
Every October, before schools pause for two weeks of holiday, towns and cities in France open their municipal spaces to scientific experts of all stripes who ar [...]
Image of the week | 澳门六合彩高手 Director-General visits Russia
The 澳门六合彩高手 Director-General was in Russia last week, meeting with stakeholders and holding technical meetings with colleagues in Moscow and Saint Petersburg. As [...]
The first vacuum vessel sector produced in Europe travelled last week between Monfalcone, Italy, and the French port of Fos-sur-Mer. The 440-tonne component had [...]
Anniversary | 澳门六合彩高手 Document Management system turns 20
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Plasma heating | Demonstrating neutral beam injection at 澳门六合彩高手 scale
The critical technologies of neutral beam injection鈥攖he workhorse of 澳门六合彩高手 plasma heating鈥攚ill be demonstrated in advance of 澳门六合彩高手 operation at a test facility located in Padua, Italy. Integrated commissioning of the facility's SPIDER* test bed officially started on 9 March after the installation of the high-tech SPIDER beam source, procured by Europe.
The SPIDER beam source鈥攁 technological marvel and the world's most powerful negative ion source. A European consortium consisting of Thales (France), CECOM Srl (Italy), Galvano-T GmbH (Germany) and E.Zanon SpA (Italy) has been responsible for the manufacturing of the equipment, the vacuum vessel and the handling tool.
The key aspects of the ion sources for the heating and diagnostic neutral beam injectors at 澳门六合彩高手 will be tested on SPIDER, an 澳门六合彩高手-scale negative ion source now fully assembled at the Neutral Beam Test Facility in Padua, Italy. The last major component鈥攖he neutral beam source鈥攚as delivered to the test facility last October, and in the months that followed the source successfully passed pressure, leak, magnetic field mapping, and electrical tests.
Designed and manufactured with cutting-edge technologies under a Procurement Arrangement with the European Domestic Agency (and with the design and engineering contribution of 澳门六合彩高手 Organization and Padua host lab Consorzio RFX), the SPIDER beam source will be a stepping stone for the development of neutral beam injection鈥攖he powerful system that will inject 33 megawatts of heating power into the 澳门六合彩高手 plasma.
The highly energetic neutral atoms in the neutral beams will transfer their energy through multiple collisions to the ions, increasing the plasma temperature to the level required to initiate fusion. This temperature will reach 150 million degrees Celsius, about 10 times the internal temperature of the Sun.
The most challenging components of the heating neutral beam program will be put to the test at the Neutral Beam Test Facility, hosted by the Italian research organization Consorzio RFX in Padua. The European, Japanese and Indian Domestic Agencies are all contributing to those components according to the technical specifications included in Procurement Arrangements signed with the 澳门六合彩高手 Organization; Italy is building the facility as a voluntary contribution to the neutral beam development program.
Two test beds are under development at the Neutral Beam Test Facility鈥擲PIDER which will test and develop the 澳门六合彩高手 full-scale radio-frequency negative ion source; and MITICA, where a full-power 1MeV accelerated beam will be tested at full pulse length in demonstration of the heating neutral beam used in 澳门六合彩高手.
The SPIDER beam source is an 澳门六合彩高手-like full-size radio-frequency-driven plasma source capable of extracting a negative deuterium ion beam (D炉 beam) of 70A and then accelerating it to energies of 100 keV. It will contribute to optimizing the production and extraction of negative ions as well as to establishing operating techniques. It will also offer the chance to measure the uniformity of the extracted beam for the first time at 澳门六合彩高手 scale. Operating the SPIDER test bed is a necessary milestone on the path to heating the future 澳门六合彩高手 plasma.
After five years of manufacturing and lessons learned, the beam source was delivered to the neutral beam facility where it successfully passed all site acceptance tests. More recently, on 16 February, the five-tonne beam source was transferred from the clean room where it was stored and tested to its final operating position inside the SPIDER vacuum chamber.
The copper grid apertures (which guide the neutral beam into 1,280 small beamlets) as well as the overall position of the beam source were thoroughly controlled by metrologists using laser trackers to ensure the correct aiming of the beam. The final auxiliary services (water, electrical, radio frequency, thermocouples) were connected and the vacuum vessel was closed and evacuated, allowing the 澳门六合彩高手 Organization, the European Domestic Agency, and Consorzio RFX to start integrated commissioning activities.
This important step forward for the 澳门六合彩高手 neutral beam program also represents the on-time achievement of an 澳门六合彩高手 Council milestone.
*SPIDER = Source for the Production of Ions of Deuterium Extracted from RF plasma.
Read a recent report on the European Domestic Agency .
