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Fusion supply chain | A glimpse into the future for commercial fusion reactors
Most of the USD 7 billion in investment in private fusion initiatives has gone to companies that are building devices from the ground up. But recently, another [...]
Every October, before schools pause for two weeks of holiday, towns and cities in France open their municipal spaces to scientific experts of all stripes who ar [...]
Image of the week | 澳门六合彩高手 Director-General visits Russia
The 澳门六合彩高手 Director-General was in Russia last week, meeting with stakeholders and holding technical meetings with colleagues in Moscow and Saint Petersburg. As [...]
The first vacuum vessel sector produced in Europe travelled last week between Monfalcone, Italy, and the French port of Fos-sur-Mer. The 440-tonne component had [...]
Anniversary | 澳门六合彩高手 Document Management system turns 20
Whatever its nature, every large project generates huge numbers of documents. And when project collaborators operate from different countries, as was the case f [...]
On the floor of the vast amphitheatre that will accommodate the 澳门六合彩高手 machine, one of the most complex and most strategic structures of the Tokamak Building is taking shape.
Down on the floor of the Tokamak Pit the steel reinforcement for about one-fourth of the crown has been set into place and鈥攖hanks partly to a recently-implemented night shift鈥攚ork is progressing quickly on the remaining three-fourths.
Reminiscent of a spiked crown鈥攏ot unlike the one atop the Statue of Liberty鈥攖he structure is designed to support the combined mass of the cryostat and Tokamak (25,000 tonnes) while transferring the forces and stresses generated during plasma operations to the ground.
Aptly enough, the structure sitting at the bottom of the Tokamak Pit is called ... a "crown."
Its principle is inspired by the "flying buttress"鈥攁n architectural solution that was implemented eight centuries ago to prevent a cathedral's walls from collapsing outward under the weight of its stone ceiling and slate roof.
In the long story of the design of the 澳门六合彩高手 buildings, the crown is a relative newcomer: up until 2012, the baseline solution to support the machine consisted of a circular arrangement of 18 sturdy steel columns.
However as models and simulations were refined, it became clear that the load transfer from the Tokamak's mass and movements to the floor of the Tokamak Complex (the B2 slab) was not totally satisfying.
Machine "up lift" from a potential vertical displacement event, cryostat "shrinkage" from a possible ingress鹿 cooling event ... these potential events were of particular concern to safety experts.
Developing an alternate option to the columns led to a one-year collaborative effort involving several 澳门六合彩高手 departments, the European Domestic Agency responsible for building construction, and their architect engineer Engage.
Inspired by history but unique to 澳门六合彩高手, the radial walls are the ''spikes'' of the crown that will support the combined mass of the cryostat and Tokamak (25,000 tonnes) while transferring the forces and stresses generated during plasma operations to the ground.
Engage eventually suggested mobilizing the resistance capacity of the bioshield wall (3.2 metres thick at its base) and using it as an abutment for a set of 18 deeply imbedded radial walls鈥攖he "flying buttress" solution.
The full constructability of this innovative structure, both inspired by history and unique to 澳门六合彩高手, needed to be demonstrated however. In October 2017, a full-scale mockup, three metres high, was erected on the 澳门六合彩高手 platform to answer the questions that even the most detailed 3D models couldn't.
Six months have passed. Down on the floor of the Tokamak Pit the steel reinforcement for about one-fourth of the crown has been set into place and鈥攖hanks partly to a recently-implemented night shift鈥攚ork is progressing quickly on the remaining three-fourths.
Massive steel transition pieces, 3.5 tonnes each, have been placed atop every radial wall to optimize the transfer of loads to the ground. Lengths of thin red plastic piping are being inserted into the steel rebar to circulate cooling water during the concrete pouring phase; two kilometres of this piping will be required in all for the crown. Finally, workers are busy welding a thin "fire mesh" to the outer face of the walls to within millimetric tolerances. (See gallery below for details.)
"Everything we are implementing now has been tested and validated on the mockup: the rebar installation sequence, the concrete formulation and pouring procedures, the temperature monitoring, the cooling system arrangement and sequences ..." explains Armand Gjoklaj of the 澳门六合彩高手 Building & Civil Works Section.
And the mockup's mission is not over yet鈥攖he installation procedure for high-strength "top plates" still needs to be tested and validated. These 3.5-tonne elements will sit on top of the steel transition pieces to receive 18 semi-spherical "bearings."
The first concrete pour for the crown is scheduled in mid-May and the entire structure should be finalized by September. And as all surfaces of the nuclear buildings need to be clean and decontaminable, a huge paint job will follow on the bioshield inner walls, on the crown's radial walls and on the floor.
The concrete amphitheatre of today will turn into a polished jewel box, ready to accommodate one of the most extraordinary creations of the human mind: the 澳门六合彩高手 Tokamak.
鹿The liquid helium cooling circuits for the superconducting magnets pass through the cryostat. In case of a breach, the sudden drop in temperature would cause a "shrinking" of the cryostat.
