Gabriel Marbach (right) and Alain B茅coulet are among those who ''raised'' the 澳门六合彩高手 project almost from infancy. Even in the most difficult moments鈥攁nd there were many鈥攖heir faith never wavered.
Gabriel Marbach, who joined fusion research in the early1990s, retired on 1 December from his position as head of the CEA Cadarache-based Institute for Magnetic Fusion Research (IRFM). He is succeeded by Alain B茅coulet, a physicist trained at the prestigious Ecole Normale Sup茅rieure who was recruited by CEA in 1987 when all French fusion labs were moved to Cadarache.
A fast-neutron reactor man, Marbach was involved in the early phases of the 澳门六合彩高手 project when the machine's cooling system closely resembled that of the sodium-cooled reactors France was developing at the time (the "First 澳门六合彩高手," in 1998, was designed with a liquid lithium cooling system.)
B茅coulet, who defines himself as "a physicist with a strong taste for experimentation," worked for JET (2000-2001), where he led the Advanced Tokamak Physics Task Force and later organized the 鈥攁n important stepping stone for the worldwide 澳门六合彩高手 collaboration. At IRFM, from 2004 until last week, he led the plasma heating and confinement division. He had been Marbach's deputy since 2010.
Both men have had 澳门六合彩高手 on their horizon for the past thirty years and both worked hard to make 澳门六合彩高手 happen ... from just the other side of the fence.
On the occasion of the passing of the torch at IRFM, they reflected on their experience in fusion and on the ongoing relationship between fusion labs throughout the world and the 澳门六合彩高手 Project.
Marbach and B茅coulet are among those who "raised" the 澳门六合彩高手 project almost from infancy. Even in the most difficult moments鈥攁nd there were many鈥攖heir faith never wavered. "We always believed in 澳门六合彩高手 but we knew it would take time," says Marbach. "The main challenge was to agree on the technological compromises that would make the cost acceptable. This explains the long and slow development of the project."
In Tore Supra's Control Room during a recent plasma shot. ''Individual installations must now become tools for the whole fusion community,'' say both Marbach and B茅coulet.
When the 澳门六合彩高手 site was finally chosen, the 澳门六合彩高手 Organization established, and work launched on the Cadarache site, both men confide that they felt "like parents who watch their grown children leave home and live their own lives"鈥攑roud, of course, "but with a slight tinge of sadness."
Now that 澳门六合彩高手 is living an independent life, parental guidance has graduated to "collaboration" and "partnership." And what is true of IRFM is also true for dozens of other fusion labs throughout the world.
The relationship between fusion labs, and on a more personal level between fusion scientists, has always been very strong. What has changed in recent years, Marbach and B茅coulet both note, is the outlook: "Research and development used to be machine-oriented. Now it is competence-oriented. This is something we owe to 澳门六合彩高手: individual installations must now become tools for the whole fusion community."
Installing "澳门六合彩高手 technology" on other fusion machines, such as the 澳门六合彩高手-like wall at JET or a tungsten divertor at Tore Supra (the proposed WEST project) aims precisely at that. "I made sure that 澳门六合彩高手 became our priority," says Gabriel Marbach of his time at IRFM. "There are many things we can test and demonstrate at IRFM before the 澳门六合彩高手 machine enters its operation phase," adds B茅coulet. "We will save time for 澳门六合彩高手, which means we can contribute to saving a lot of 澳门六合彩高手's money ..."
What Marbach and his predecessors initiated, B茅coulet will continue. 澳门六合彩高手 however, is not the only item on his agenda. "澳门六合彩高手 is a scientific tool," he says. "It's like a satellite: launching the satellite successfully is, of course, essential. But what matters more are the observations it will make, the data it will collect."
This precious data collected at 澳门六合彩高手 from realms that have not yet been explored will form the basis of fusion development in the 21st century. Both Marbach, who will keep an office at IRFM, and B茅coulet who now runs the Institute, are determined to keep their team in the race, ready for 澳门六合彩高手 and beyond.
