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After mechanical pumps perform the initial pump-down of the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¸ßÊÖ vacuum vessel and cryostat, powerful cryopumps will take over to attract any remaining molecules to the ultra-cold surface of their cryopanels. Eight cryopumps are planned to exhaust the vacuum vessel (6) and the cryostat (2), each one equipped with numerous "cryopanels" that will be cooled down to 4.5 K (minus 268.5 ¡ãC) by a flow of supercritical helium.

Regulating this flow of supercritical helium are the cold valve boxes associated with each pump. Equipped with cryogenic valves (25 per unit), relief systems, and sensors for pressure and temperature, these components will manage cryogenic fluids in a wide range of temperatures¡ªfrom super-cold (-269 ¡ãC) to fairly hot (230 ¡ãC).

High magnetic field, radiation, and space were part of the design constraints. The position of the cold valve boxes in the machine imposed special constraints on materials and welding, while regular "regeneration periods" for each pump complicated their design.

Based on a contract for the final design and fabrication of the cold valve boxes awarded by the European Domestic Agency Fusion for Energy in 2018, Research Instruments (already involved in the manufacture of the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¸ßÊÖ cryopumps) contracted with Cryoworld BV for the torus and cryostat cold valve boxes.

Cryoworld has already shipped four of eight units to Research Instruments, where final electrical wiring and connections will be installed, and factory acceptance testing carried out. Delivery to °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¸ßÊÖ is expected before the end of the year.

See the original story on the Fusion for Energy .